2,082,476,000,000,0002,082,476,000,000,000Viability of greenhouse gas removal via the artificial addition of volcanic ash to the ocean (not open access, unfortunately) walks us through the numbers on a particular means of CO2 removal, addition of volcanic tephra to the ocean. The mechanism is straight chemistry and the cost is fully an order of magnitude less than other proposed methods. For the world population and emissions of approximately 4.982 metric tons per capita (2014) we're looking at the number above in US dollars per year to entirely solve our global emissions problem (assuming the system would scale so large). Roughly US$ 2 quadrillion/year, done cheap. Surely there's a less expensive way? What could it be?
In fairness to authors Longman, Palmer and Gernon, they're certainly not proposing to entirely solve our CO2 problem with this intriguing and objectively efficient method. The admirable affordability of the scheme resulting still in such ballooning numbers is simply another indicator that we need to start with reduction of CO2 emissions, push the biggest and easiest button.
Until this edition of New Research we've been using an indigenous tool to assist with identifying open access documents. Recently somebody dropped a clue brick on our heads (thanks David!) and made us aware of Unpaywall.org. Unpaywall operates a sophisticated, legally respectful system to identify open access publications. Further investigation revealed an API for accessing their database. Although our own system performed remarkably well in comparison to Unpaywall, it required steady drain from a limited pool of time to maintain and as well was never going to match Unpaywall results. With this edition we've integrated the Unpaywall API.
Practical effects:
Observations of global warming & effects
Fast local warming of sea-surface is the main factor of recent deoxygenation in the Arabian Sea
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.5194/bg-2020-325
Weakening Atlantic overturning circulation causes South Atlantic salinity pile-up
DOI: 10.1038/s41558-020-0897-7
Contrasting recent trends in Southern Hemisphere Westerlies across different ocean basins
DOI: 10.1002/essoar.10503156.1
Observed ocean bottom temperature variability at four sites in the northwestern Argentine Basin: Evidence of decadal deep/abyssal warming amidst hourly to interannual variability during 2009?2019
DOI: 10.1002/essoar.10503156.1
Analysis of Record-High Temperature over Southeast Coastal China in Winter 2018/19: The Combined Effect of Mid- to High-Latitude Circulation Systems and SST Forcing over the North Atlantic and Tropical Western Pacific
DOI: 10.1002/essoar.10503156.1
Changes in sea ice and future accessibility along the Arctic Northeast Passage
DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103319
Potential linkages of extreme climate events with vegetation and large-scale circulation indices in an endorheic river basin in northwest China
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105256
Warm nights drive Coffea arabica ripening in Tanzania
DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-02016-6
Investigating changes in rainfall seasonality across South Africa: 1987–2016
DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-02016-6
Trend analysis of evapotranspiration over Iran based on NEX?GDDP high?resolution dataset
DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-02016-6
Geographic variation in responses of kelp forest communities of the California Current to recent climatic changes
DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-02016-6
Parasitoids indicate major climate?induced shifts in arctic communities
DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-02016-6
Climate warming restructures an aquatic food web over 28 years
DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-02016-6
Rapid deep ocean deoxygenation and acidification threaten life on Northeast Pacific seamounts
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15307
Rainy season drought severity trend analysis of the Indonesian Maritime Continent
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15307
Intensification of the East Asian summer monsoon lifecycle based on observation and CMIP6
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab9b3f
Climate effects on land management and stream nitrogen concentrations in small agricultural catchments in Norway
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01359-z
Instrumentation & observational methods of climate & global warming
Seasonal reconstructions coupling ice core data and an isotope-enabled climate model – methodological implications of seasonality, climate modes and selection of proxy data
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.5194/cp-16-1737-2020
Two centuries of hydroclimatic variability reconstructed from tree?ring records over the Amazonian Andes of Peru
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.5194/cp-16-1737-2020
Evaluation of atmospheric and terrestrial effects in the carbon cycle for forest and grassland ecosystems using a remote sensing and modeling approach
DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108187
Modeling & simulation of global warming & global warming effects
Extremes become routine in an emerging new Arctic
DOI: 10.1038/s41558-020-0892-z
Poleward Shift of Northern Subtropics in winter: Time of Emergence of Zonal versus Regional Signals
DOI: 10.1038/s41558-020-0892-z
Changes in global and regional characteristics of heat stress waves in the 21st century
DOI: 10.1038/s41558-020-0892-z
Quantifying the impact of wind and surface humidity induced surface heat exchange on the circulation shift in response to increased CO2
DOI: 10.1038/s41558-020-0892-z
Characterization of long period return values of extreme daily temperature and precipitation in the CMIP6 models: Part 1, model evaluation
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1016/j.wace.2020.100283
Characterization of long period return values of extreme daily temperature and precipitation in the CMIP6 models: Part 2, projections of future change
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1016/j.wace.2020.100284
Extreme climate events under global warming in northern Fars Province, southern Iran
DOI: 10.1007/s00704-020-03362-6
Future extreme hourly wet bulb temperatures using downscaled climate model projections of temperature and relative humidity
DOI: 10.1007/s00704-020-03368-0
Global aridity changes due to differences in surface energy and water balance between 1.5 °C and 2 °C warming
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab9db3
Climate model advancement
Evaluating the Credibility of Downscaling: Integrating Scale, Trend, Extreme, and Climate Event into a Diagnostic Framework
DOI: 10.1175/jamc-d-20-0078.1
Pattern Recognition Methods to Separate Forced Responses from Internal Variability in Climate Model Ensembles and Observations
DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-19-0855.1
Robustness of CMIP6 historical global mean temperature simulations: trends, long?term persistence, autocorrelation, and distributional shape
DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-19-0855.1
The performance of CMIP6 versus CMIP5 in simulating temperature extremes over the global land surface
DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-19-0855.1
Regional climate change projections from NA-CORDEX and their relation to climate sensitivity
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1007/s10584-020-02835-x
Assessing uncertainties in the regional projections of precipitation in CORDEX-AFRICA
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1007/s10584-020-02833-z
The incorporation of the Tripleclouds concept into the δ-Eddington two-stream radiation scheme: solver characterization and its application to shallow cumulus clouds
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1007/s10584-020-02833-z
Seasonal transition dates can reveal biases in Arctic sea ice simulations
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.5194/tc-14-2977-2020
Reconciling the relationship between the AMOC and Labrador Sea in OSNAP observations and climate models
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.5194/tc-14-2977-2020
Comparing Methods to Constrain Future European Climate Projections Using a Consistent Framework
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-19-0953.1
Cryosphere & climate change
Damage accelerates ice shelf instability and mass loss in Amundsen Sea Embayment
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912890117
CASEarth Poles: Big Data for the Three Poles
DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-19-0280.1
Revealing the former bed of Thwaites Glacier using sea-floor bathymetry: implications for warm-water routing and bed controls on ice flow and buttressing
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.5194/tc-14-2883-2020
New gravity-derived bathymetry for the Thwaites, Crosson, and Dotson ice shelves revealing two ice shelf populations
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.5194/tc-14-2869-2020
Low elevation of Svalbard glaciers drives high mass loss variability
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18356-1
Paleoclimate
The seawater carbon inventory at the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18356-1
A Bayesian framework for emergent constraints: case studies of climate sensitivity with PMIP
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.5194/cp-16-1715-2020
Evidence of Southern Ocean influence into the far Northwest Pacific (Northern Emperor Rise) since the Bølling–Allerød warming
DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103315
Biology & global warming
Latitudinal gradient in the respiration quotient and the implications for ocean oxygen availability
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004986117
Climate change increases predation risk for a keystone species of the boreal forest
DOI: 10.1038/s41558-020-00908-4
Potential linkages of extreme climate events with vegetation and large-scale circulation indices in an endorheic river basin in northwest China
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105256
Spatial structure in protected forest?grassland mosaics: Exploring futures under climate change
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105256
The methylome is altered for plants in a high CO2 world: Insights into the response of a wild plant population to multigenerational exposure to elevated atmospheric CO2
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105256
Geographic variation in responses of kelp forest communities of the California Current to recent climatic changes
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105256
Wildfire and the ecological niche: Diminishing habitat suitability for an indicator species within semi?arid ecosystems
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15300
Parasitoids indicate major climate?induced shifts in arctic communities
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15300
Climate warming restructures an aquatic food web over 28 years
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15300
Research challenges and opportunities for using big data in global change biology
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15317
The role of connectivity in the interplay between climate change and the spread of alien fish in a large Mediterranean river
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15320
Using climate?driven leaf phenology and growth to improve predictions of GPP in North America forests
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15320
The missing pieces for better future predictions in subarctic ecosystems: A Torneträsk case study
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01381-1
GHG sources & sinks, flux
The soil microbial carbon pump: From conceptual insights to empirical assessments
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15319
Overstated carbon emission reductions from voluntary REDD+ projects in the Brazilian Amazon
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004334117
Sources and processes sustaining surface CO2 and CH4 fluxes in a tropical reservoir: the importance of water column metabolism
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004334117
Global trends and European emissions of tetrafluoromethane (CF4), hexafluoroethane (C2F6) and octafluoropropane (C3F8)
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004334117
Net Ecosystem Carbon Balance in a North Carolina, USA, Salt Marsh
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004334117
Herbivore assemblage as an important factor modulating grazing effects on ecosystem carbon fluxes in a meadow steppe in northeast China
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004334117
Stormflows drive stream carbon concentration, speciation and dissolved organic matter composition in coastal temperate rainforest watersheds
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004334117
The impact of seasonal and annual climate variations on the carbon uptake capacity of a deciduous forest within the Great Lakes Region of Canada
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004334117
Impact of partial harvest on CH4 and N2O balances of a drained boreal peatland forest
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004334117
Hydrometeorological sensitivities of net ecosystem carbon dioxide and methane exchange of an Amazonian palm swamp peatland
DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108167
Evaluation of atmospheric and terrestrial effects in the carbon cycle for forest and grassland ecosystems using a remote sensing and modeling approach
DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108187
Stocks and losses of soil organic carbon from Chinese vegetated coastal habitats
DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108187
Rapid deep ocean deoxygenation and acidification threaten life on Northeast Pacific seamounts
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15307
CO2 removal & mitigation science & engineering
What have we learnt about CO2 leakage from CO2 release field experiments, and what are the gaps for the future?
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15307
Climate mitigation and intensified forest management in Norway: To what extent are surface waters safeguarded?
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01357-1
Viability of greenhouse gas removal via the artificial addition of volcanic ash to the ocean
DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2020.100264
Geoengineering climate
Harnessing Stratospheric Diffusion Barriers for Enhanced Climate Geoengineering
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.5194/acp-2020-696
Black carbon
Vertical profiles of light absorption and scattering associated with black carbon particle fractions in the springtime Arctic above 79° N
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-10545-2020
Climate change communications & cognition
Dominant counter-frames in influential climate contrarian European think tanks
DOI: 10.1007/s10584-020-02820-4
Global Climate Change or National Climate Changes? An Analysis of the Performance of Online Issue Publics in Integrating Global Issues
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg0922
How do farmers perceive climate change? A systematic review
DOI: 10.1007/s10584-020-02814-2
Traditional livelihoods under a changing climate: herder perceptions of climate change and its consequences in South Gobi, Mongolia
DOI: 10.1007/s10584-020-02851-x
How cognitive links and decision-making capacity shape sectoral experts’ recognition of climate knowledge for adaptation
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1007/s10584-020-02859-3
Opinions of 12 to 13-year-olds in Austria and Australia on the concern, cause and imminence of climate change
DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01356-2
Agronomy & climate change
How do farmers perceive climate change? A systematic review
DOI: 10.1007/s10584-020-02814-2
Assessment of weather-yield relations of starchy maize at different scales in Peru to support the NDC implementation
DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108154
Warm nights drive Coffea arabica ripening in Tanzania
DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-02016-6
Vulnerability of hop?yields due to compound drought and heat events over European key?hop regions
DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-02016-6
Climate effects on land management and stream nitrogen concentrations in small agricultural catchments in Norway
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01359-z
Economics & finance of climate change & mitigation
Climate change, crops and commodity traders: subnational trade analysis highlights differentiated risk exposure
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1007/s10584-020-02857-5
Climate change mitigation & adaptation public policy research
Climate mitigation and intensified forest management in Norway: To what extent are surface waters safeguarded?
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01357-1
Assessment of adaptation, policy, and capacity building outcomes from 14 processes
DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2020.09.003
Climate change adaptation
Interacting Infrastructure Disruptions Due to Environmental Events and Long?Term Climate Change
DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2020.09.003
Mapping the effectiveness of nature?based solutions for climate change adaptation
DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2020.09.003
A rising tide of adaptation action: Comparing two coastal regions of Aotearoa-New Zealand
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2020.100244
Other
The roles of storminess and sea level rise in decadal barrier island evolution
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2020.100244
Risk of extreme high fatalities due to weather and climate hazards and its connection to large-scale climate variability
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1007/s10584-020-02825-z
Practising everyday climate cultures: understanding the cultural politics of climate change
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1007/s10584-020-02863-7
Informed opinion, nudges & major initiatives
Research challenges and opportunities for using big data in global change biology
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15317
CASEarth Poles: Big Data for the Three Poles
DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-19-0280.1
Convergence, continuity, and community: a framework for enabling emerging leaders to build climate solutions in agriculture, forestry, and aquaculture
DOI: 10.1007/s10584-020-02844-w
Turbulent transformation: abrupt societal disruption and climate resilient development
DOI: 10.1080/17565529.2020.1799738
The missing pieces for better future predictions in subarctic ecosystems: A Torneträsk case study
Open Access PDF DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01381-1
We know it's frustrating that many articles we cite here are not free to read. One-off paid access fees are generally astronomically priced, suitable for such as "On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light" but not as a gamble on unknowns. With a median world income of US$ 9,3733, for most of us US$ 42 is significant money to wager against a small marginal cost.
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Posted by Doug Bostrom on Wednesday, 16 September, 2020
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