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All IPCC definitions taken from Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Annex I, Glossary, pp. 941-954. Cambridge University Press.
Illustration of the relative contributions to annual carbon dioxide emissions of human activity versus volcanos (see Gerlach 2010 and Gerlach 2011, EOS 14 June 2011 and Burton, Sawyer, and Granieri 2013, Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry). This image was updated on 6 September 2015 to include the reference to Burton, Sawyer and Granieri.