Arguments
References for the Denial101x MOOC
Posted on 29 August 2015 by LarryM, BaerbelW, MichaelK
The EdX MOOC "Denial101x - Making Sense of Climate Science Denial" is fully supported by peer-reviewed research. This page presents the comprehensive list of references with links to the corresponding papers. The index below is organized by week and by lecture topic, and there is a corresponding list of MOOC lecture videos and expert interviews.
Week 1 – Overview of the climate controversy
Week 2 – Global warming is happening
Week 3 – We are causing global warming
Week 4 – The past tells us about the future
Week 5 – Impacts of climate change
Week 6 – Responding to denial
| 1. Vocal minority | 4. Sticky science |
| 2. Worldview backfire effect | 5. Flu shots |
| 3. Inoculation theory |
CONSENSUS OF EVIDENCE [top]
Science is not a democracy quote
Reisman, J. P. (2011). Exposing the climate hoax: It's ALL about the economy. New Jersey: Lyra Books.
Burning fossil fuels produces CO2
Revelle, R. & Suess, H. E. (1957). Carbon dioxide exchange between atmosphere and ocean and the question of an increase of atmospheric CO2 during the past decades. Tellus, 9(1), 18-27. Link to PDF
Post, W. M., Peng, T. H., Emanuel, W. R., King, A. W., Dale, V. H., & DeAngelis, D. L. (1990). The global carbon cycle. American Scientist, 78(4), 310-326. Link to PDF
Less heat escaping to space
Loeb, N. G., Wielicki, B. A., Doelling, D. R., Smith, G. L., Keyes, D. F., Kato, S., ... & Wong, T. (2009). Toward optimal closure of the Earth's top-of-atmosphere radiation budget. Journal of Climate, 22(3), 748-766. Link to PDF
More IR at the surface
Feldman, D. R., Collins, W. D., Gero, P. J., Torn, M. S., Mlawer, E. J., & Shippert, T. R. (2015). Observational determination of surface radiative forcing by CO2 from 2000 to 2010. Nature, 519(7543), 339-343. Link to abstract
Cooling in the upper atmosphere
Santer, B. D., Painter, J. F., Bonfils, C., Mears, C. A., Solomon, S., Wigley, T. M., ... & Wentz, F. J. (2013). Human and natural influences on the changing thermal structure of the atmosphere. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(43), 17235-17240. Link to paper
Changing structure of the atmosphere
La?tovi?ka, J., Akmaev, R. A., Beig, G., Bremer, J., & Emmert, J. T. (2006). Global change in the upper atmosphere. Science, 314(5803), 1253-1254. Link to Word-doc
The sky is falling - Gavin Schmidt "quip"
Schmidt, G. (2006), The sky IS falling. 26 November 2006 RealClimate.org http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2006/11/the-sky-is-falling/.
CONSENSUS OF SCIENTISTS [top]
Doran, P. T., & Zimmerman, M. K. (2009). Examining the scientific consensus on climate change. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 90(3), 22-23. Link to PDF
Anderegg, W. R., Prall, J. W., Harold, J., & Schneider, S. H. (2010). Expert credibility in climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(27), 12107-12109. Link to paper
Diethelm, P., & McKee, M. (2009). Denialism: what is it and how should scientists respond?. The European Journal of Public Health, 19(1), 2-4. Link to PDF
Kahan, D. M., Jenkins?Smith, H., & Braman, D. (2011). Cultural cognition of scientific consensus. Journal of Risk Research, 14(2), 147-174. Link to PDF
Plous, S. (1991). Biases in the assimilation of technological breakdowns - do accidents make us safer. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 21(13), 1058-1082. Link to abstract
Talisse, R., & Aikin, S. F. (2006). Two forms of the straw man. Argumentation, 20(3), 345-352. Link to PDF
Smith, N., & Leiserowitz, A. (2012). The rise of global warming skepticism: Exploring affective image associations in the United States over time. Risk Analysis, 32(6), 1021-1032. Link to PDF
CONSENSUS OF PAPERS [top]
Oreskes, N. (2004). The scientific consensus on climate change. Science, 306(5702), 1686-1686. Link to paper
Cook, J., Nuccitelli, D., Green, S. A., Richardson, M., Winkler, B., Painting, R., ... & Skuce, A. (2013). Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global warming in the scientific literature. Environmental Research Letters, 8(2), 024024. Link to paper
Shwed, U., & Bearman, P. S. (2010). The temporal structure of scientific consensus formation. American Sociological Review, 75(6), 817-840. Link to paper
KNOWLEDGE BASED CONSENSUS [top]
Miller, B. (2013) When is Consensus Knowledge Based? Distinguishing Shared Knowledge from Mere Agreement. Synthese, 190(7): 1293-1316. Link to paper
Oreskes, N. (1988). The rejection of continental drift. Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences, 311-348. Link to paper
Oreskes, N., & Wegener, A. (1999). The rejection of continental drift: Theory and method in American earth science. New York: Oxford University Press. http://media.hhmi.org/hl/12Lect2.html
Oreskes, N. (2012, November). Building scientific knowledge: The story of plate tectonics. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Holiday Lectures on Science ? Changing Planet: Past, Present, Future. Lecture conducted from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD.
VESTED INTERESTS [top]
Cook, J., Nuccitelli, D., Green, S. A., Richardson, M., Winkler, B., Painting, R., ... & Skuce, A. (2013). Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global warming in the scientific literature. Environmental Research Letters, 8(2), 024024. Link to paper
Oreskes, N., & Conway, E. M. (2010). Merchants of doubt: How a handful of scientists obscured the truth on issues from tobacco smoke to global warming. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
DRAGONS OF INACTION [top]
Gifford, R. (2011). The dragons of inaction: Psychological barriers that limit climate change mitigation and adaptation. American Psychologist, 66(4), 290. Link to abstract
Gifford, R., Scannell, L., Kormos, C., Smolova, L., Biel, A., Boncu, S., ... & Uzzell, D. (2009). Temporal pessimism and spatial optimism in environmental assessments: An 18-nation study. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29(1), 1-12. Link to PDF
Pahl, S., Harris, P. R., Todd, H. A., & Rutter, D. R. (2005). Comparative optimism for environmental risks. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 25(1), 1-11. Link to abstract
Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 32(4): 665-683.
Lorenzoni, I., Nicholson-Cole, S., & Whitmarsh, L. (2007). Barriers perceived to engaging with climate change among the UK public and their policy implications. Global Environmental Change, 17(3), 445-459. Link to abstract
Heath, Y., & Gifford, R. (2002). Extending the theory of planned behavior: Predicting the use of public transportation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(10), 2154-2189. Link to PDF
Ding, D., Maibach, E. W., Zhao, X., Roser-Renouf, C., & Leiserowitz, A. (2011). Support for climate policy and societal action are linked to perceptions about scientific agreement. Nature Climate Change, 1(9), 462-466. Link to PDF
McCright, A. M., Dunlap, R. E., & Xiao, C. (2013). Perceived scientific agreement and support for government action on climate change in the USA. Climatic Change, 119(2), 511-518. Link to abstract
Lewandowsky, S., Gignac, G. E., & Vaughan, S. (2013). The pivotal role of perceived scientific consensus in acceptance of science. Nature Climate Change, 3(4), 399-404. Link to abstract (Link to PDF)
van der Linden, S. L., Leiserowitz, A. A., Feinberg, G. D., & Maibach, E. W. (2014). How to communicate the scientific consensus on climate change: Plain facts, pie charts or metaphors?. Climatic Change, 126(1-2), 255-262. Link to PDF
Heath, Y., & Gifford, R. (2006). Free-market ideology and environmental degradation the case of belief in global climate change. Environment and Behavior, 38(1), 48-71. Link to abstract
IDEOLOGICAL BIAS [top]
Kahan, D. M., Braman, D., Slovic, P., Gastil, J., & Cohen, G. L. (2007). The second national risk and culture study: Making sense of-and making progress in-the American culture war of fact. GWU Legal Studies Research Paper, (370), 08-26. Link to PDF
Campbell, T. H., & Kay, A. C. (2014). Solution aversion: On the relation between ideology and motivated disbelief. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 107(5), 809. Link to PDF
Leiserowitz et al. (2013). Climate change in the American mind: Americans? global warming beliefs. Yale Project on Climate Change Communication and the George Mason University Center for Climate Change Communication. http://environment.yale.edu/climate-communication/files/Climate-Beliefs-April-2013.pdf . Accessed online 05 April 2015
What we know: The reality, risks, and response to climate change. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). http://whatweknow.aaas.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/whatweknow_website.pdf . Accessed online 05 April 2015
MANUFACTURING DOUBT [top]
Brysse, K., Oreskes, N., O?Reilly, J., & Oppenheimer, M. (2013). Climate change prediction: Erring on the side of least drama?. Global Environmental Change, 23(1), 327-337. Link to PDF
Luntz F (2002) The environment: A cleaner, safer, healthier America. Luntz Research, Alexandria. https://www2.bc.edu/~plater/Newpublicsite06/suppmats/02.6.pdf. Accessed online 05 April 2015
Elsasser, S. W., & Dunlap, R. E. (2012). Leading voices in the denier choir: Conservative columnists? dismissal of global warming and denigration of climate science. American Behavioral Scientist, 0002764212469800. Link to abstract
Freudenburg, W. R., & Muselli, V. (2010). Global warming estimates, media expectations, and the asymmetry of scientific challenge. Global Environmental Change, 20(3), 483-491. Link to PDF
Lester, G., Wilson, B., Griffin, L., & Mullen, P. E. (2004). Unusually persistent complainants. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 184(4), 352-356. Link to paper
Lewandowsky, S., Mann, M. E., Bauld, L., Hastings, G., & Loftus, E. F. The Subterranean War on Science. aps Observer available online at https://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/publications/observer/2013/november-13/the-subterranean-war-on-science.html accessed online 05 April 2015
Lewandowsky, S., Oreskes, N., Risbey, J. S., Newell, B. R., & Smithson, M. (2013). Toxic seepage: Climate denial and its corrosive effect on the scientific community. (Unpublished manuscript.)
Mullen, P. E., & Lester, G. (2006). Vexatious litigants and unusually persistent complainants and petitioners: From querulous paranoia to querulous behaviour. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 24(3), 333-349. Link to abstract
Oreskes, N., & Conway, E. M. (2010). Merchants of doubt: how a handful of scientists obscured the truth on issues from tobacco smoke to global warming. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
MEDIA BALANCE-AS-BIAS [top]
Malka, A., Krosnick, J. A., Debell, M., Pasek, J., & Schneider, D. (2009). Featuring skeptics in news media stories about global warming reduces public beliefs in the seriousness of global warming. Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Technical Paper), Available at http://woods. stanford. edu/research/global-warming-skeptics.html. Link to PDF
Boykoff, M. T., & Boykoff, J. M. (2004). Balance as bias: Global warming and the US prestige press. Global Environmental Change, 14(2), 125-136. Link to PDF
Boykoff, M. T. (2007). Flogging a dead norm? Newspaper coverage of anthropogenic climate change in the United States and United Kingdom from 2003 to 2006. Area, 39(4), 470-481. Link to PDF
Boykoff, M. T., & Mansfield, M. (2008). 'Ye Olde Hot Aire': Reporting on human contributions to climate change in the UK tabloid press. Environmental Research Letters, 3(2), 024002. Link to paper
Boykoff, M. T. (2008). Lost in translation? United States television news coverage of anthropogenic climate change, 1995?2004. Climatic Change, 86(1-2), 1-11. Link to PDF
FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENCE DENIAL [top]
Diethelm, P., & McKee, M. (2009). Denialism: What is it and how should scientists respond?. The European Journal of Public Health, 19(1), 2-4. Link to PDF
Kahan, D. M., Jenkins?Smith, H., & Braman, D. (2011). Cultural cognition of scientific consensus. Journal of Risk Research, 14(2), 147-174. Link to PDF
Plous, S. (1991). Biases in the assimilation of technological breakdowns - do accidents make us safer. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 21(13), 1058-1082. Link to abstract
Talisse, R., & Aikin, S. F. (2006). Two forms of the straw man. Argumentation, 20(3), 345-352. Link to PDF
Smith, N., & Leiserowitz, A. (2012). The rise of global warming skepticism: Exploring affective image associations in the United States over time. Risk Analysis, 32(6), 1021-1032. Link to PDF
HEAT BUILD-UP [top]
Lawrimore, J. H., Menne, M. J., Gleason, B. E., Williams, C. N., Wuertz, D. B., Vose, R. S., & Rennie, J. (2011). An overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network monthly mean temperature data set, version 3. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (1984?2012), 116(D19). Link to paper
Hansen, J., Ruedy, R., Sato, M., & Lo, K. (2010). Global surface temperature change. Reviews of Geophysics, 48(4). Link to paper
Rhein, M., Rintoul, S. R., & others (2013). Chapter 3: Observations: Ocean In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Link to PDF (p264)
Church, J. A., White, N. J., Konikow, L. F., Domingues, C. M., Cogley, J. G., Rignot, E., ... & Velicogna, I. (2011). Revisiting the Earth's sea?level and energy budgets from 1961 to 2008. Geophysical Research Letters, 38(18). Link to paper
HOT RECORDS [top]
Meehl, G. A., Tebaldi, C., Walton, G., Easterling, D., & McDaniel, L. (2009). Relative increase of record high maximum temperatures compared to record low minimum temperatures in the US. Geophysical Research Letters, 36(23). Link to paper
Trewin, B., & Vermont, H. (2010). Changes in the frequency of record temperatures in Australia, 1957?2009. Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Journal, 60(2), 113-120. Link to PDF
Coumou, D., Robinson, A., & Rahmstorf, S. (2013). Global increase in record-breaking monthly-mean temperatures. Climatic Change, 118(3-4), 771-782. Link to PDF
Rohde, R., Muller, R. A., Jacobsen, R., Muller, E., Perlmutter, S., Rosenfeld, A., ... & Wickham, C. (2013). A new estimate of the average Earth surface land temperature spanning 1753 to 2011. Geoinfor Geostat Overview 1: 1. of, 7, 2. Link to PDF
SEA LEVEL RISE [top]
Church, J. A., White, N. J., Aarup, T., Wilson, W. S., Woodworth, P. L., Domingues, C. M., ... & Lambeck, K. (2008). Understanding global sea levels: past, present and future. Sustainability Science, 3(1), 9-22. Link to PDF
Rahmstorf, S. (2010). A new view on sea level rise. Nature Reports Climate Change, 44-45. Link to paper
CSIRO: Historical Sea Level Changes http://www.cmar.csiro.au/sealevel/sl_hist_last_decades.html. Accessed online 05 April 2015
Allison, Ian, et al. The Copenhagen diagnosis, 2009: Updating the world on the latest climate science. The University of New South Wales Climate Change Research Centre (CCRC), Sydney, Australia, 60pp. Link to PDF
Jevrejeva, S., Moore, J. C., & Grinsted, A. (2012). Sea level projections to AD2500 with a new generation of climate change scenarios. Global and Planetary Change, 80, 14-20. Link to abstract
Rahmstorf, S., Perrette, M., & Vermeer, M. (2012). Testing the robustness of semi-empirical sea level projections. Climate Dynamics, 39(3-4), 861-875. Link to PDF
Levermann, A., Clark, P. U., Marzeion, B., Milne, G. A., Pollard, D., Radic, V., & Robinson, A. (2013). The multimillennial sea-level commitment of global warming. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(34), 13745-13750. Link to paper
Vermeer, M., & Rahmstorf, S. (2009). Global sea level linked to global temperature. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(51), 21527-21532. Link to paper
Pfeffer, W. T., Harper, J. T., & O'Neel, S. (2008). Kinematic constraints on glacier contributions to 21st-century sea-level rise. Science, 321(5894), 1340-1343. Link to PDF
University of Colorado, Sea Level Research Group, http://sealevel.colorado.edu/. Accessed online 05 April 2015
Milly, P. C. D., Cazenave, A., & Gennero, C. (2003). Contribution of climate-driven change in continental water storage to recent sea-level rise. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100(23), 13158-13161. Link to paper
Chen, J. L., Wilson, C. R., Chambers, D. P., Nerem, R. S., & Tapley, B. D. (1998). Seasonal global water mass budget and mean sea level variations. Geophysical Research Letters, 25(19), 3555-3558. Link to PDF
Leuliette, E. W., & Willis, J. K. (2011). Balancing the sea level budget. Oceanography-Oceanography Society, 24(2), 122. Link to PDF
Dai, A., & Wigley, T. M. L. (2000). Global patterns of ENSO?induced precipitation. Geophysical Research Letters, 27(9), 1283-1286. Link to PDF
Llovel, W., Becker, M., Cazenave, A., Jevrejeva, S., Alkama, R., Decharme, B., ... & Beckley, B. (2011). Terrestrial waters and sea level variations on interannual time scale. Global and Planetary Change, 75(1), 76-82. Link to PDF
Rahmstorf, S. (2012). Modeling sea level rise. Nature Education Knowledge, 3(3), 4. Link to paper
Church, J.A., P.U. Clark, A. Cazenave, J.M. Gregory, S. Jevrejeva, A. Levermann, M.A. Merrifield, G.A. Milne, R.S. Nerem, P.D. Nunn, A.J. Payne, W.T. Pfeffer,D. Stammer and A.S. Unnikrishnan, 2013: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Link to PDF
SHRINKING GLACIERS [top]
Paul, F., Kääb, A., Maisch, M., Kellenberger, T., & Haeberli, W. (2004). Rapid disintegration of Alpine glaciers observed with satellite data. Geophysical Research Letters, 31(21). Link to paper
World Glacier Monitoring Service "Fluctuations of Glaciers" series. http://www.wgms.ch/pub_wgms.html. Accessed online 05 April 2015 [Note: each of the entries comes with a link embedded where it says PDF]
Jacob, T., Wahr, J., Pfeffer, W.T., & Swenson, S. (2012). Recent contributions of glaciers and ice caps to sea level rise. Nature 482, 514-518. Link to abstract.
Fisher, D., Zheng, J., Burgess, D., Zdanowicz, C., Kinnard, C., Sharp, M., & Bourgeois, J. (2011). Recent melt rates of Canadian Arctic ice caps are the highest in four millennia. Global and Planetary Change. Link to manuscript.
Miller, G.H., Lehman, S.J., Refsnider, K.A., Southon, J.R. & Zhong, Y. (2013). Unprecedented recent summer warmth in Arctic Canada. Geophysical Research Letters, 46(21). 5745-5751. Link to abstract.
GREENLAND ICE LOSS [top]
Helm, V., Humbert, A., & Miller, H. (2014). Elevation and elevation change of Greenland and Antarctica derived from CryoSat-2. The Cryosphere, 8(4), 1539-1559. Link to PDF
Reyes, A. V., Carlson, A. E., Beard, B. L., Hatfield, R. G., Stoner, J. S., Winsor, K., ... & Ullman, D. J. (2014). South Greenland ice-sheet collapse during Marine Isotope Stage [thinsp] 11. Nature, 510(7506), 525-528. Link to abstract
Box, J. E., Yang, L., Bromwich, D. H., & Bai, L. S. (2009). Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Air Temperature Variability: 1840-2007*. Journal of Climate, 22(14), 4029-4049. Link to PDF
Greenland Ice Sheet Today. http://nsidc.org/greenland-today/. Accessed online 20 April 2015.
Rignot, E., & Kanagaratnam, P. (2006). Changes in the velocity structure of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Science, 311(5763), 986-990. Link to abstract
ANTARCTIC LAND ICE VS SEA ICE [top]
Helm, V., Humbert, A., & Miller, H. (2014). Elevation and elevation change of Greenland and Antarctica derived from CryoSat-2. The Cryosphere, 8(4), 1539-1559. Link to PDF
Mouginot, J., Rignot, E., & Scheuchl, B. (2014). Sustained increase in ice discharge from the Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica, from 1973 to 2013. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(5), 1576-1584. Link to PDF (starting on page 2)
Rignot, E., Velicogna, I., Van den Broeke, M. R., Monaghan, A., & Lenaerts, J. T. M. (2011). Acceleration of the contribution of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to sea level rise. Geophysical Research Letters, 38(5). Link to paper
Simmonds, I. (2015). Comparing and contrasting the behaviour of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice over the 35 year period 1979?2013. Ann. Glaciol, 56, 18-28. Link to PDF
Bintanja, R., Van Oldenborgh, G. J., Drijfhout, S. S., Wouters, B., & Katsman, C. A. (2013). Important role for ocean warming and increased ice-shelf melt in Antarctic sea-ice expansion. Nature Geoscience, 6(5), 376-379. Link to PDF
BUILDING A ROBUST TEMPERATURE RECORD [top]
Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., & Jones, P. D. (2012). Quantifying uncertainties in global and regional temperature change using an ensemble of observational estimates: The HadCRUT4 data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (1984?2012), 117(D8). Link to paper
Rohde, R., Muller, R., Jacobsen, R., Perlmutter, S., Rosenfeld, A., Wurtele, J., ... & Mosher, S. (2013). Berkeley earth temperature averaging process. Geoinfor. Geostat.: An Overview, 1(2), 1-13. Link to PDF
Cowtan, K., & Way, R. G. (2014). Coverage bias in the HadCRUT4 temperature series and its impact on recent temperature trends. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 140(683), 1935-1944. Link to paper
Smith, T. M., Reynolds, R. W., Peterson, T. C., & Lawrimore, J. (2008). Improvements to NOAA's historical merged land-ocean surface temperature analysis (1880-2006). Journal of Climate, 21(10), 2283-2296. Link to PDF
Hansen, J., Ruedy, R., Sato, M., & Lo, K. (2010). Global surface temperature change. Reviews of Geophysics, 48(4). Link to paper
Compo, G. P., Whitaker, J. S., Sardeshmukh, P. D., Matsui, N., Allan, R. J., Yin, X., ... & Worley, S. J. (2011). The twentieth century reanalysis project. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 137(654), 1-28. Link to paper
Mears, C. A., & Wentz, F. J. (2009). Construction of the Remote Sensing Systems V3. 2 atmospheric temperature records from the MSU and AMSU microwave sounders. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 26(6), 1040-1056. Link to PDF
Spencer, R. W., Christy, J. R., Braswell, W. D., & Norris, W. B. (2006). Estimation of tropospheric temperature trends from MSU channels 2 and 4. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 23(3), 417-423. Link to paper
Anderson, D. M., Mauk, E. M., Wahl, E. R., Morrill, C., Wagner, A. J., Easterling, D., & Rutishauser, T. (2013). Global warming in an independent record of the past 130 years. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(1), 189-193. Link to paper
Ahmed, M., Anchukaitis, K., Buckley, B. M., Braida, M., Borgaonkar, H. P., Asrat, A., ... & Phipps, S. J. (2013). Continental-Scale Temperature Variability during the Past Two Millennia: Supplementary Information. Nature Geoscience, 6(5). Link to PDF
HEAT IN THE CITY [top]
Menne, M. J., Williams Jr, C. N., & Vose, R. S. (2009). The US Historical Climatology Network monthly temperature data, version 2. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 90(7), 993-1007. Link to PDF
Jones, P. D., & Wigley, T. M. L. (2010). Estimation of global temperature trends: What?s important and what isn?t. Climatic Change, 100(1), 59-69. Link to PDF
Böhm, R., Jones, P. D., Hiebl, J., Frank, D., Brunetti, M., & Maugeri, M. (2010). The early instrumental warm-bias: a solution for long central European temperature series 1760?2007. Climatic Change, 101(1-2), 41-67. Link to PDF
Brunet, M., Asin, J., Sigró, J., Bañón, M., García, F., Aguilar, E., ... & Jones, P. (2011). The minimization of the screen bias from ancient Western Mediterranean air temperature records: an exploratory statistical analysis. International Journal of Climatology, 31(12), 1879-1895. Link to paper
Ellis, W. (1890). On the difference produced in the mean temperature derived from daily maximum and minimum readings, as depending on the time at which the thermometers are read. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 16(76), 213-220. Link to abstract
Parker, D. E. (2004). Large-scale warming is not urban. Nature, 432(7015), 290. Link to PDF
Hansen, J., Ruedy, R., Sato, M., & Lo, K. (2010). Global surface temperature change. Reviews of Geophysics, 48(4). Link to paper
Wickham, C., Rohde, R., Muller, R. A., Wurtele, J., & Curry, J. (2013). Influence of Urban Heating on the Global Temperature Land Average using Rural Sites Identified from MODIS Classifications. Geoinfor Geostat: An Overview 1: 2. of, 6, 1895-2007. Link to PDF
WAVY JET STREAM [top]
Barnes, E. A. (2013). Revisiting the evidence linking Arctic amplification to extreme weather in midlatitudes. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(17), 4734-4739. Link to abstract
Cohen, J., Screen, J. A., Furtado, J. C., Barlow, M., Whittleston, D., Coumou, D., ... & Jones, J. (2014). Recent Arctic amplification and extreme mid-latitude weather. Nature geoscience, 7(9), 627-637. Link to PDF
Francis, J. A., & Vavrus, S. J. (2012). Evidence linking Arctic amplification to extreme weather in mid?latitudes. Geophysical Research Letters, 39(6). Link to PDF
Jeffries, M. O., Richter-Menge, J., and Overland, J. E. (2014). Arctic Report Card 2014, http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/reportcard.
NASA GISS (2015). NASA, NOAA Find 2014 Warmest Year in Modern Record. Research News: http://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/news/20150116/
Screen, J. A., & Simmonds, I. (2013). Exploring links between Arctic amplification and mid?latitude weather. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(5), 959-964. Link to paper
CLIMATE CHANGE VS GLOBAL WARMING [top]
Somerville, R. C., & Hassol, S. J. (2011). the science of climate change. Phys. Today, 64(10), 48. Link to PDF
Salnikov, V., Turulina, G., Polyakova, S., Petrova, Y., & Skakova, A. (2014). Climate change in Kazakhstan during the past 70 years. Quaternary International. Link to abstract
Coulson, S., Hodkinson, I. D., Strathdee, A., Bale, J. S., Block, W., Worland, M. R., & Webb, N. R. (1993). Simulated climate change: the interaction between vegetation type and microhabitat temperatures at Ny Ålesund, Svalbard. Polar Biology, 13(1), 67-70. Link to abstract
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